One of the most frequently cited best practices in Europe for integrating biomass energy into rural development strategies is Denmark’s biomass-based district heating system, which demonstrates how agricultural residues can be transformed into a reliable, low-carbon energy source while strengthening local economies.
In Denmark, biomass, particularly straw and other agricultural residues plays a central role in supplying heat to rural and semi-rural communities. According to the International Energy Agency, Denmark has successfully replaced fossil fuels with locally sourced biomass in district heating networks, resulting in significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining energy affordability for rural households and farmers (IEA, 2022).
A key factor behind this success is the local ownership and cooperative governance model. Many biomass heating plants are owned by municipalities or farmer cooperatives, ensuring that economic benefits remain within the community. Farmers not only supply biomass residues but also gain an additional and stable income stream, directly contributing to rural economic resilience. Academic studies highlight that this model increases farmers’ acceptance of renewable energy technologies by aligning environmental goals with tangible economic incentives (Bolwig et al., 2021).
From an environmental perspective, the Danish case illustrates how sustainable biomass management, when combined with strict regulatory frameworks, can deliver climate benefits without compromising soil quality or food production. Research published in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews emphasizes that Denmark’s approach relies on residue-based biomass rather than energy crops, thereby minimizing land-use conflicts and supporting circular economy principles (Skytte et al., 2020).
Equally important is the role of vocational education and training. Denmark has systematically integrated renewable energy and biomass technologies into agricultural and technical training programs. This skills-oriented approach ensures that farmers, technicians, and local authorities possess the practical knowledge required to operate, maintain, and scale biomass energy systems. The European Commission identifies this strong link between VET and local energy transitions as a critical success factor for rural renewable energy projects (European Commission, 2023).
The Danish experience provides valuable lessons for the SUSRUD – Sustainable Rural Development Supported by Biomass Energy project. It demonstrates that biomass energy is not merely a technical solution, but a territorial development strategy that combines renewable energy, green skills, and community engagement. By adapting such best practices to different rural contexts, SUSRUD aims to empower farmers and rural stakeholders across Europe to reduce energy costs, enhance energy independence, and contribute to climate-neutral rural development.
