One of the most relevant and concerning issues in today’s energy sector is the continuous increase in external energy dependence faced by most countries. At the same time, rising pollution levels and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves further highlight the urgent need to develop new energy solutions that are environmentally friendly and based on locally available, renewable resources.
In this context, biomass emerges as an attractive alternative for electricity generation, as it combines high energy efficiency, renewable fuel cycles, and the potential for positive social impacts—particularly at the regional level.
The use of biomass for energy can play a crucial role in the sustainable development of rural areas, but only if it is implemented in a planned, professionally managed, and sustainability-oriented way. Analyses of the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of biomass use show that positive outcomes are achievable only when specific criteria are met:
- The greenhouse gas balance must be positive—that is, biomass use must result in a net reduction of emissions.
- Biomass production must not jeopardize food supply or local needs for bio-based materials.
- Negative impacts on biodiversity must be avoided, and ideally, biomass production should contribute to the restoration or conservation of natural habitats.
- The quality of soil, water, and air must be preserved or improved.
- Biomass production should generate economic benefits and employment for local communities.
A particularly promising approach is paludiculture—the cultivation of biomass on re-wetted peatlands. This method helps reduce CO₂ emissions, restore critical habitats, and create economic opportunities for local populations. However, it is equally clear that uncontrolled or poorly planned biomass usage can lead to a range of environmental and economic problems.
Therefore, professional guidance and education of local stakeholders is essential. Practical handbooks that provide clear guidelines, proven examples, and information on appropriate technologies and conditions for biomass use are invaluable tools for managing this resource properly. These materials help ensure that biomass is utilized in ways that support energy independence, environmental protection, and rural economic growth.
In this regard, the development and dissemination of such manuals represent one of the key steps toward the sustainable use of biomass in rural areas.
